Stony Brook University, Department of Physics and Astronomy

 

QUANTUM MECHANICS
(PHY 511/512)

Fall 2008/Spring 2009

Instructor:     

                        Konstantin K. Likharev

                        E-mail: klikharev@notes.cc.sunysb.edu

                        Office: B-135

                        Phone: 2-8159

                        Office hours: Thu 3:00 to 5:00 pm

 

Preliminary Syllabus:                                    

1. Introduction
Summary of experimental motivations for quantum mechanics. Basic concepts of wave mechanics; statistical ensembles; wavefunctions and probability. The 1D Schrödinger  equation, its general solution by linear superposition. Eigenvalues and eigenstates; discrete and continuous spectra; confined and unconfined 1D motion. Differential linear operators, expectation values. Operator of momentum; Heisenberg's uncertainty relation. Continuity equation, probability current.

2. 1D quantum particle
Plane waves, wave packets.
Reflection from a potential step. Tunneling through delta-functional and rectangular barriers. 1D scattering and transfer matrix. Resonant tunneling. Motion in periodic potentials; Bloch theorem, energy bands and gaps. Rectangular quantum well. WKB approximation, classical turning points, the Bohr-Sommerfeld quantization rule. Double quantum well, the Kimble formula. Propagator, Feynman path integral. Metastable states and their decay. Quantum oscillations in double well potentials.  Harmonic oscillator, the Fock (stationary) states.

3. Bra-ket formalism
Bra and ket vectors. Scalar (inner) product. Linear operators, commutators and anticommutators. Identity, adjoint and self-adjoint (Hermitian) operators. Compatible and incompatible observables. Orthonormal sets and matrix formalism. Outer products and projection operators. Change of basis. Matrix diagonalization. Coordinate operator, reduction to wave mechanics. Hamiltonian operator, The Schrödinger and Heisenberg pictures of quantum dynamics. The Ehrenfest theorem. Back to the harmonic oscillator: creation and annihilation operators, the Fock states, the Glauber (coherent) states, squeezed states.

4. 2D and 3D problems
Generalization to higher dimensions. 2D and 3D harmonic oscillators, rotators and spherical quantum wells. Symmetry at rotation, angular momentum; Bohr’s atom. Partial quantum confinement, two-slit interference description. Motion in EM field; the Aharonov-Bohm effect; the Landau levels. 2D and 3D scattering characterization. The Born approximation, optical theorem, eikonal approximation. Partial phase method, hard sphere scattering, resonant scattering.

5. Perturbation theories
Constant perturbation in non-degenerate and degenerate systems; anharmonic oscillator, Stark effect. Back to the coupled quantum wells. Time-dependent perturbation theory; Rabi oscillations. Transitions in continuous spectrum, the "Fermi" Golden Rule.

6. Spin

            Insufficiency of wave mechanics. Spin operator; the Stern-Gerlach experiment and its description. Spin dynamics. The coupled quantum wells again; qubits and quantum computing. Spin addition to orbital momentum; Clebsh-Gordan coefficients; Zeeman effect.

7. Open systems, quantum statistics, and quantum measurements
Coupling to environment. Pure and mixed quantum states. Density matrix. Classical mixture in thermal equilibrium. The Wigner function. Density matrix dynamics without and with interaction with environment, dephasing. Quantum measurements and ensemble redefinition. QND. The Bayes theorem. Bell’s inequalities and the local reality problem.

8. Identical particles
Permutation symmetry, indistinguishability principle, bosons and fermions. Two-electron systems, singlet and triplet states, helium atom, covalent (chemical) bond. Atoms, periodic table of elements. Second quantization for bosons and fermions, Fermi gas of interacting electrons. Hartri and Hartri-Fock approximations.

9. Quantum theory of EM field
Electromagnetic field modes and their quantization. The Casimir effect. The notion of photon; its energy, momentum, and angular momentum. EM field statistics, coherence, 2nd order correlation functions, photon bunching and antibunching. Quantum EM field interaction with charged particles. Spontaneous and induced transitions, rate of electric dipole transitions, the Einstein coefficients.

10. Quantum theory of relativistic particles
The relativistic Schrödinger equation, particles and antiparticles. Dirac equation, introduction of spin. Relativistic Fermi particles in EM field, spin-orbit interaction, application to atomic spectra. Relativistic theory of the hydrogen atom.

11. Quantum field theory preview

 

Recommended textbooks:     

                        E. Merzbacher, Quantum Mechanics, Wiley, 1998
                        L. Landau and E. Lifshitz, Quantum Mechanics, Non-Relativistic Theory, 3rd ed. Pergamon, 1977

                        J. Sakurai, Modern Quantum Mechanics, Addison-Wesley, 1994          

 

Lectures:        

                        Twice a week (1 hour 20 minutes each)

 

Homeworks:                          

                        Weekly (with just a few exceptions); completed work due in a week after the assignment

 

Exams:           

                        Two midterm exams (1 hour 20 minutes each) and a final (2 hours 30 minutes)

                        All exams: books open

 

Final grade components:                   

                        Homeworks:    15%

                        Midterms:        25+25%

                        Final exam:      35%

 

Logistics for Fall 2008:

                        Lectures: Tue-Thu 11:20-12:40, Rm. P-112 (first lecture: Tue Sept. 2)

                        Grader: TBA

                        Exams (all in the lecture room):

                                    midterms: preliminary, Oct. 14 and Nov. 11 (lecture time)

                                    final: Dec. 11 (11:00 am – 1:30 pm)
                                               

University-Mandated Statements:

                        Americans with Disabilities Act: If you have a physical, psychological, medical or learning disability that may impact your course work, please contact Disability Support Services, ECC (Educational Communications Center) Building, room128, (631) 632-6748. They will determine with you what accommodations are necessary and appropriate. All information and documentation is confidential.

                        Academic Integrity: Each student must pursue his or her academic goals honestly and be personally accountable for all submitted work. Representing another person's work as your own is always wrong. Faculty are required to report and suspected instances of academic dishonesty to the Academic Judiciary. For more comprehensive information on academic integrity, including categories of academic dishonesty, please refer to the academic judiciary website at http://www.stonybrook.edu/uaa/academicjudiciary/ .

                        Critical Incident Management: Stony Brook University expects students to respect the rights, privileges, and property of other people. Faculty are required to report to the Office of Judicial Affairs any disruptive behavior that interrupts their ability to teach, compromises the safety of the learning environment, or inhibits students' ability to learn.